10 Oz of Ground Beef Calories
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite moving picture characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had and so much going on behind the emerald pall and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy world.
In accolade of the 80th anniversary of the picture show, follow the yellow brick slideshow to peek behind that curtain and acquire more nigh the secrets and fun facts that make the honey film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Before the Pic
Equally a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum'due south Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to be considered for a role in the 1939 film accommodation. Hamilton called her agent to ask which character the producers wanted her to play, and her amanuensis famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed piece of work fourth dimension. 3 days before filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the end, Hamilton was on set for three months, only many of her scenes were cut for being besides scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Look Was More Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Sure, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, but that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume section wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-year-old Garland had to wearable a corset-like device and then she looked more like a preadolescent kid.
Manager Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (every bit whatever preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character changed. Subsequently MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate manager George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart move.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Slap-up Movie Magic
The Wizard of Oz employs a lot of great film tricks, and some of the most unique were used in the skywriting scene. In it, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald Metropolis, leaving the phrase "Give up Dorothy" in her wake in black smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W W W."
The "Snowfall" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Unsafe
One of the Wicked Witch's last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to meet the Wonderful Sorcerer of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical slumber-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the effect of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more blatant toxic connexion than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood's preferred option for false snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch whatsoever snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow'south Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more means than one for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin Man's) willingness to trade parts with him. The Can Man'southward aluminum makeup caused a huge amount of problems for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen'due south, he yet had some issues. The Scarecrow's makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, consummate with a woven pattern that mimicked the look of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger'southward face that took more than a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Set
In a burst of flames and red smoke, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, information technology may have instilled more fear for Hamilton. On the first take, the fume rose from a hidden trapdoor too early.
For the second accept, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor as planned, but her cape snagged on the platform when the fire flared up. Her copper-containing makeup heated upwardly instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her hands and face up. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an fifty-fifty more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flight Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source fabric — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Well-nigh as scary every bit the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thank you to the magic of piano wires.
However, the aerial stunt went awry when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few anxiety to the soundstage flooring. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safety monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Well-nigh on the Cutting Room Floor
To no one'south surprise, the American Flick Institute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a listing of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. But what may surprise you? The (arguably) virtually iconic song of Judy Garland'southward career was almost cutting from the film.
Studio execs at MGM thought the song made the Kansas scenes besides long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't understand the vocal's meaning. Luckily, this unfounded business concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland's tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin can Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Residual Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound lion costume, Jack Haley didn't have it piece of cake either. From the lingering concerns nigh the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "tin" trunk and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was so stiff that he had to lean against a board to rest properly. Many years later, thespian Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the aforementioned outcome with his rigid costume. Information technology seems fifty-fifty fantasy and sci-fi tin can't assist folks escape all their bug.
The Original Tin can Man Was Rushed to the Infirmary
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was cast as the Scarecrow, but traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen'south new character, the Tin Man, acquired him a world of issues. Namely, the character's silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To brand matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), but didn't explain why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final film, his vocals tin can be heard in "We're Off to See the Sorcerer."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave United states the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of applied special effects that actually hold up. The funnel itself was actually a 35-foot long stocking made of muslin. The special effects squad spun information technology around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale house, which falls from the sky and into Oz, is simply a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to make it look like the house was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has e'er been an effect in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, vox of the titular character in Walt Disney'southward Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her functioning. The film went on to make roughly $eight million.
According to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was better than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — only it however didn't reverberate the film's success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $l per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the dog earned $125 per week every bit Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Lion Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought information technology might cast its mascot — the actual panthera leo used in the studio'southward championship carte du jour — as the cowardly character. Fortunately, for the safety of the actors and the animal, the filmmakers decided to cast player Bert Lahr as the anthropomorphic character instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real lion pare. However, the arc lights used on set fabricated things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'due south fretfulness. Each nighttime, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Function Returns Were Uneven
The movie started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'southward nearly $l 1000000 adjusted for aggrandizement. Upon its initial release, the moving picture simply earned $iii one thousand thousand at the box function — about $51.8 meg past today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era moving picture, retrieve that Disney fabricated $8 million with Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Wizard of Oz's modest success in the U.S. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — simply success overseas fortunately bolstered the motion-picture show's returns.
The Nighttime Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Likewise"
Judy Garland was just 16 years old when she was cast as Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were often given to immature actors to aid them sleep after studios shot them upwards with adrenaline so they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her dissentious contract with MGM — didn't help, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a author for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and head Louis B. Mayer], who considered her little more their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy diet of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years earlier The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney'due south characteristic-length animated moving-picture show Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-striking. Not only did the picture show revolutionize the blitheness industry, information technology too reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow up Snow White — so the about successful film of all time — with an accommodation of The Wizard of Oz, but MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited part in Oz. During the Tin Man'southward "If I Just Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Ruby Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally argent, but screenwriter Noel Langley felt the scarlet color would really pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in most ii,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'due south National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the rug there several times. Some other pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, but the FBI recovered the slippers for the institution in 2018.
Only One Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your archetype chance story, and Dorothy'due south quest leads her from a Kansas farm to some other globe — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. Nevertheless, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Every bit was customary at the time, immense, detailed backdrops were painted past studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far abroad places without filming on location. In fact, the only location footage in the film is the opening championship sequence — those clouds are 100% the existent deal.
A Second Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the well-nigh love dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can frequently exist seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Tin Human spouts out all of that steam.
Subsequently 1 of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for two weeks. Filmmakers went through ii doubles to observe one that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was so addicted of Terry that she wanted to prefer the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to being a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton too believed her character was more than just your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than 35 years subsequently the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch's costume to show kids information technology was make-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her most the grapheme.
Co-ordinate to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, just she was also a sad, lonely figure. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked as well takes this approach to the Witch's character.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Made Possible Thanks to a Food Production
In 1939, audiences were merely as amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Human being and the Cowardly Lion when the equus caballus in Emerald City took on a rainbow of colors. This "equus caballus of a dissimilar color" was made possible cheers to a surprising food item…
Jell-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move quickly — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. But the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The horse-drawn carriage was once owned by President Abraham Lincoln and at present resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Actress Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch'southward flying monkeys, and so many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in club to give life to this fantasy film. To keep up with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since well-nigh of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming associates line. Most actors had to arrive before 5:00 in the morning — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive procedure.
Memorable (& Frequently Misquoted) Lines Make full the Picture show
The motion-picture show is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and information technology has the neat fortune of being responsible for some of the nigh quoted lines in movie history besides. In 2007, Premiere compiled a listing of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the film's lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that human behind the curtain" was voted #24, while "There's no place similar home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the ofttimes misquoted "Toto, I accept a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'due south Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Conspicuously, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the movie is incredible. Similar the "equus caballus of a different color" sequence, another iconic, special effects-heavy scene harnessed the ability of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later on Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the red slippers from the young girl'due south feet. However, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "fire" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to brand information technology look more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In order to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the set up to a toasty 100 degrees.
Afterwards the lights were set, the experts experimented with what would look best on film, especially in colorized class. For case, the white part of Dorothy's dress is actually pink — simply considering information technology filmed better. And the oil the Tin can Human is so excited about? Information technology'south really chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the E Makes More than Than I Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the young girl dropped a firm on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the Due east, who was the short-lived owner of the blood-red slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the West and her Kansas analogue Almira Gulch, she as well plays the Wicked Witch of the Due east — if only briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedchamber window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch exterior the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the film makes that shimmer even more than noticeable.
The Film'due south Running Fourth dimension Was Cutting Down Several Times
The first cutting of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like naught by today's Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off 20 minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (top right) and an extended Scarecrow dance sequence, the picture show was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a second preview screening, and, afterward, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald Metropolis reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Expressionless," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers accounted Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the West performance also frightening for audiences and cutting or trimmed many of her scenes. Just not everyone thought her performance was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch'due south nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film'southward starring foes were really friends. One story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a dress to Hamilton, declaring she was going to wearable information technology for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM's Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," as opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences by Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem equally though the entire moving picture was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical faux pas?
Information technology'due south widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to heighten the surprise of the pic turning into full 3-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the moving-picture show'due south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), calculation credence to this theory.
One of History'south Most-Watched Films
Although The Sorcerer of Oz proved popular in theaters, another film released the same year, also directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may accept heard of that little flick — it's called Gone with the Wind.) Notwithstanding, MGM'south musical fantasy may accept more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in office to re-releases.
The moving-picture show was get-go circulate on television on Nov 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It's believed that The Wizard of Oz is i of the ten near-watched feature-length movies in movie history, largely due to the number of almanac tv screenings, theater viewings and diverse format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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